Articles
A Paradigm Shifting Physics Supports Immortality!
By Ronald D. Pearson B.Sc.(Eng) November 2002
Solutions to outstanding problems in theoretical physics
finally demanded that a primary consciousness existed independently
of the brain. It did not even reside at the quantum level
of reality but existed at an even deeper sub-quantum level.
This meant that consciousness had the potential to survive
bodily death. It was a paradigm-shifting conclusion since
mainline physics had been postulating that mind is mere
brain function, ceasing to exist on brain death, for over
a century.
Philosophical Considerations
In 1984, from a study of physics, it became clear that theorists
were faced with a number of problems that were insoluble
by the approaches they had been trained to take. It seemed
that over-sophistication could be preventing physicists
from seeing where simple solutions existed and this author
believed they would appreciate the input from another, though
allied, more practical discipline.
The new approach was triggered by the realisation that the
big-bang theory for the creation of the universe contained
several logical flaws. These had given rise to an absurd
prediction called the “cosmological constant”.
This said the universe was expanding billions of billions
of times faster than observation could possibly allow! It
totally invalidated all the scenarios they were advancing!
Furthermore two so-called “pillars of twentieth century
achievement” were mutually incompatible. These were
Einstein’s theory of relativity and quantum theory.
The former dealt with motion up to very high speeds and
astronomical scales whilst the latter considered the microscopic
sub-atomic scales of things. That relativity was incompatible
with the very existence of any kind of background medium,
such as the old “aether”, whilst quantum theory
needed some kind of background, seemed to this author, the
obvious reason for the misfit. However, theorists were ignoring
this reason. Instead they were attempting a resolution by
an increase of mathematical sophistication.
When the study to be summarised was nearing completion this
author became aware that an experiment had been conducted
by Brillet and Hall(1) in1979 which was expected to confirm
special relativity. It was expected to show, to unprecedented
accuracy, that the observer could be regarded as stationary.
Instead they reported “a persistent anomaly”.
Then Aspden(2), in 1981, showed conclusively that this “anomaly”
was actually a measurement, to within 2%, of the surface
speed of the Earth at Boulder where the experiment was carried
out! So a major assumption of relativity theory had been
falsified even before this study began! Yet the theorists,
to this day, continue to ignore this fact and continue to
claim that relativity has never failed and has withstood
the test of time.
Problems also lay within quantum theory itself. No satisfactory
resolution of an enigma called, “wave-particle duality”
was being provided. Sub-atomic particles sometimes bounced
off one another like billiard balls: the particle nature.
At other times they appeared to behave as if they were waves,
quantum waves, spread out over large volumes of space. Puzzled
theorists were advancing ever-more absurdity to obtain a
resolution. For example, a proposal by Everett in 1957 is
said to be now gaining ground. It proposes that an infinite
number of universes exist superimposed upon one another
with new ones constantly splitting to create new ones. Nobody
had advanced any idea to show how this could happen.
What exactly are quantum waves? Are they real or abstract?
Is there some hidden source of organised energy flow (power)
welling up from somewhere to generate these waves? Quantum
theorists avoid all these questions.
Then again, to support the paradigm of accidental origin
of the universe, the “Anthropic principle” was
proposed. It was needed to explain how the sophisticated
chemistry on which life depended could arise. The principle
said that an almost infinite number of universes had to
arise in which the laws of physics differed from one another.
At least one had to have the adequate fine- tuning required.
Finally a wealth of observation had been accumulating for
over a century showing that people who had died were sometimes
still able to communicate with the living. Some scientists,
starting with Sir William Crookes FRS, had actually reported
that physical mediumship was a fact that had been repeatedly
confirmed. Theorists had responded by making determined
efforts to discredit these reports, even resorting to defamation
of the characters of these pioneering scientists.
Was it possible that all these difficulties could succumb
to a simple simultaneous solution? Clearly some changes
to the assumptions of relativity theory were required. Motion
needed to be referred to the local background: not the observer,
if compatibility with quantum theory was to be achieved.
Then again, as Dr Louis Essen FRS, inventor of the caesium-beam
atomic clock, had been stressing, it broke the rules of
logic to postulate the speed of light as a universal constant
and then adjust the basic unit of time to keep it so. And
could not a background of non-uniform density have the same
effect mathematically as the curious idea of “curved-
spacetime” which Einstein adopted?
Solving the Relativity Problem
To answer these questions a revision of Newtonian mechanics
was attempted. Newton had assumed the mass of any object
to remain constant regardless of its speed or position in
a gravitational field. This was clearly only almost true
at low speeds and in weak gravitational fields. The revision
which corrected this turned up equations mostly identical
with those of relativity theory including E = mc2 but without
any input from relativity theory whatever! Now, however,
the units of both time and space were maintained constant.
Also m, the so called, “inertial mass” consisted
of a “rest mass” m0, the mass it had when not
in motion, plus a “kinetic mass” mK: an addition
due to the energy needed to accelerate it up to speed. It
also became clear that the total energy E of the object
was the true substance out of which the universe was made
and this consisted of a rest energy E0 plus a kinetic energy
EK.. So m was now a variable connected with total energy
and given by:
m = m0 + mk = E/c2 [1]
But a horizontal beam of light would be bent down by gravity,
even if only a little. This meant the speed of light c also
had to be a variable, since light had to travel more slowly
on the inside than on the outside of any bend. Further logic,
considering the lowering of an object on a cable, showed
that it was the rest energy E0 that remained truly constant.
So according to equation[1], with mk now zero, even the
rest mass m0 was a variable! This also meant that Newton’s
famous equation of gravity, based on the assumption of rest
mass being a true constant, also needed modification. The
only things which remained constant, apart from the units
of time and space, were then shown to be the rest energy
E0 and a new gravitational constant GC . The revised equation
for the force F of gravity is: [2]
Here ES and E are the total energies of two mutually attracting
masses whose centres are separated by distance r and GC
is the true gravitational constant. It is evaluated from
the Newtonian gravitational constant G by putting c = cD
where suffix D means "datum". The speed of light
has to be measured where G is measured since this Newtonian
value is now seen to be another variable!
A further variable is the average separating distance L
of primary particles making up the background medium. The
shorter this distance the greater is the density of the
background and this was found to have similar mathematical
effects to Einstein’s unimaginable concept of curved
spacetime. Reference to an equation of Novikov(3) from quantum
theory, showed L to be inversely proportional to the product
m? c. This allowed the density variation to be evaluated.
It also affected the speed of light as observed from the
datum position so that it now appeared to have the value
cT which is proportional to both c and L. Both c and cT
appear in the complete solution.
Only the special case of ES >> E will be summarised
corresponding with planets or satellites in orbit at a variable
radius r. about a massive object of total energy ES. Then
with rD as the datum orbital radius the following solution
appeared:
General ® Limited to Free Fall/rise only ®
General ®
[3]
The speed of the object of total energy E is w, independent
of the direction of motion..
From this basic equation it was shown that all the experiments
used to confirm both special and general relativity support
this theory equally well. However, generally different interpretations
are implied. For example, Einstein says there is a “gravitational
time dilation”. A clock lowered in a gravitational
field appears to tick more slowly because, he deduced, time
runs more slowly at lower levels.
Exactly the same end equation appears from equation[3] but
is due to a “gravitational mass increase”. An
increase of mass causes a reduction in the frequency of
vibration. A similar reduction is caused by an increase
of speed which relativity also explains as time dilation.
This solution was published in a book by this author(4)
in 1990, mathematical details being provided in an appendix
pp 247-344. It had proved impossible to publish this in
any Western scientific journal but Dr Louis Essen FRS, inventor
of the caesium beam atomic clock, asked me to attend a conference
in Russia in his place so it could be presented there. A
summary appeared in the proceedings (5) of that conference
in 1991.
At that conference a presentation by an astronomer, Svetlana
Tol'chelnicova(6) showed observations of the “Shapiro
time delay” to greatly exceed prediction from Einstein’s
theory. When radar beams from Earth are reflected back from
nearby planets the echo takes up to 200 microseconds longer
to arrive than if light traveled at a constant speed. It
is this excess which is known as the Shapiro time delay.
What was worrying was that the new theory matched that based
on Einstein! The discrepancy was subsequently found, however,
to have a solution if the aether could be regarded as a
fluid in vortex motion centered on the Sun with the Earth
moving along with the flow. A "vortex time delay"
was identified which added to that of Shapiro. This was
shown able to account for the discrepancy. The new model
also provided an explanation for previous failures to measure
the absolute speed of the Earth.
However, the mass increase due to speed demanded a rigid
structure for the reference frame. Only for the propagation
of light was a fluid reference in motion relative to such
a rigid frame required. So the aether had to exhibit both
fluid and rigid properties simultaneously. A solution to
this dilemma appeared, however, from the solution arising
co-currently to the problem of the cosmological constant.
Further refinement
Equation[3] is recommended only up to field strengths equal
to that at the surface of a white dwarf star since beyond
that an inconsistency of energy starts to become evident.
This was finally eliminated when a reformulation showed
that the established definition of mechanical work needed
to be changed from force ´ distance moved, FS, to
FS(LD /L)2.
This enabled a "quantum-wave theory of gravity",
which eliminated the energy inconsistency, to be formulated.
It showed L µ c to no longer hold in extreme fields
and solved two impossible features of black holes: their
central “singularities” and elevated “event
horizons”. This was because c never fell quite to
zero and the force of gravity reached a saturation value
in the revised Newtonian approach..
The Problem of the Cosmological Constant
The problem arises since theorists can find no way to adequately
switch off the huge creative explosion they postulate: the
inflation phase of the big bang. A solution appeared when
a sub-quantum level of reality was considered to exist as
a mixture of interacting particles, some made of positive
energy but with the remainder made of a negative kind: a
“Yin” and “Yang” at the root of
everything.
It now appeared that even the aether could not be regarded
as the ultimate level of reality. This had to appear as
if comprised of only positive energy but must be generated
by something far simpler: a deeper ultimate level comprising
both kinds of energy. To avoid confusion this absolute sub-quantum
level of reality is now to be called the "i-ther".
Furthermore the terms positive and negative have nothing
to do with electric charge, which does not even exist at
the level of i-ther. The theories of Whittaker and others
describing the aether are in no way affected nor is it incompatible
with the "quantum vacuum".
The possibility of negative energies existing had first
been proposed by the physicist, Paul Dirac(7), in the 30's
but were then rejected and are now regarded as non-physical.
However, the reasons used for rejection are not applicable
in the present context since the concept arose in a different
way and is only applicable at the level of i-ther.
Primaries of the I-ther
The ultimate positive and negative energy particles out
of which all else is built are to be called “primaries”.
The mechanics governing their behavior is best understood
by first considering any object accelerated by the application
of a force. Newton's laws of motion have any object of positive
mass, when free to move, accelerate away in the same direction
as the "force of action" being applied. The object
pushes back with an equal and opposite “force of reaction".
However, if the directions of these two forces are both
reversed and the mass and energy of the object considered
negative, then an alternative mechanics is produced giving
exactly the same predicted responses. The proviso is that
all other objects are then considered to be of negative
mass/energy.
This may seem impossible at first sight but a simple analysis
will serve to show how the two systems present mirror images
of each other so that both are equally permissible. There
is nothing peculiar about the negative mass/energy concept.
The reason for such symmetry is that when all objects in
collision are of negative mass, the negative effects cancel
so that responses identical with those made by collisions
between objects of positive mass appear. Indeed the symmetry
is so perfect that it is impossible to state with more than
50/50% certainty that our matter is really made from positive
energy. Its dynamics can be equally explained if all our
matter is considered negative. However, only at a sub-quantum
level of reality, the i-ther, is it permissible to consider
the interactions of both kinds where the only objects existing
are assumed to be primaries.
The alternative to relativity showed that any object in
motion has to be considered as being constructed from the
arithmetic sum of its rest and kinetic energy. As a positive
primary is speeded up its positive total energy increases
due to the positive mechanical work done upon it. Since
for negative primaries the force of action is opposite the
direction of acceleration the mechanical work done by it
is now negative. Then negative kinetic energy is added to
a negative rest energy. Therefore motion adds kinetic energy
of the same sign as rest energy in either case.
It is now necessary to consider the acceleration of a pair
in a given direction. Each has its own force of action applied
so that mechanical work is done on each. On one this work
is positive whilst on the other it is negative since these
forces of action are opposed. If some kind of joining member
could be attached these forces would cancel to zero and
so no net mechanical work would be done. Each member has,
however, gained energy of its own kind. Hence a mechanism
is appearing able to create the primaries of the i-ther
from a zero energy state. This is disallowed by the first
law of thermodynamics as expressed at present and so this
needs to be modified to read:
"Energy can only be created or destroyed in equal and
opposite amounts"
Pure creation or annihilation are now allowed, however,
and permit a new theory for the creation of the universe
to be advanced. A background medium has to exist which consists
of a mixture of both positive and negative energy primaries.
It cannot be a continuum since the two would cancel to nothing.
So the energy states have to be considered to exist as an
intimate mixture of two kinds of complementary particle:
the primaries. Creation cannot arise by hypothetical joining
members of the kind so far postulated since they seem impossible
to justify. Some other mechanism has therefore to be invoked.
However, all primaries will move at high speeds to repeatedly
collide, so forming a seething mass in the manner of molecules
in a gas. This is the primordial i-ther whose intricate
structure has yet to emerge. It will do so as the mechanics
of collisions between primary pairs is studied.
Creation by “Opposed Energy Dynamics”
Half of all collisions will be between primaries of like
kind: a quarter will be positive to positive and a quarter
negative to negative impacts. In each case they will bounce
away like billiard balls obeying two established laws of
physics: the conservation of both energy and momentum. Whilst
energy is the basic constructional material of both matter
and the motion of that matter (kinetic energy), momentum
is a property of the energy of an object, obtained by multiplying
its inertial mass by its velocity (speed with direction
specified).
When direction is involved the resulting property is called
a “vector” and can be represented by an arrow,
of length proportional to magnitude, and pointing in the
appropriate direction. Both velocity and momentum are therefore
vector properties.
When primaries collide the sum of their momenta after collision
will remain the same as it was prior to collision when measured
in any specified direction. This is known as the "conservation
of momentum" and is equally applicable to collisions
of opposites as it is to those of like energy.
The remaining half of all collisions will be between pairs:
that is one of each kind. Then something very interesting
happens. The same two conservation laws of momentum and
energy, when applied together, result in the prediction
of a balanced increase of both energies at each collision.
They breed like opposite sexes! This is best explained by
reference to FIG.1, which shows how pure energy creation
is forced to occur without involving logical anomaly.
In Fig.1A a positive primary is shown moving at velocity
v1 from left to right so that it collides head on with a
negative primary moving at speed u1 from right to left.
The momentum p+ of the positive primary points in its direction
of motion but that of the negative primary p- points opposite
its motion. However, since this motion is opposed these
directions cancel so that both positive and negative momenta
point in the same positive direction. They add up. The only
solution for final states after collision that satisfy the
modified law of conservation of energy, as well as momentum,
is for velocities to remain unchanged. Primaries have to
pass through each other without change of energy. It is
possible that transient forces cause temporary mutual annihilation
followed by reconstitution.
Next consider case B. Both primaries still travel in exactly
opposite directions but now their trajectories are offset
so that a scattering collision now has to be considered.
Extra forces provisionally assumed perpendicular to the
original momentum vectors are now introduced which are equal
and opposite. Then transverse momenta are introduced which
mutually cancel as required to conserve the net transverse
momentum that has to remain zero.
Now the following equation, which connects energy and momentum,
is readily derived from equation[3] of our alternative to
relativity: a revised Newtonian mechanics. With C meaning
the ultimate speed of primaries, a universal constant, it
is:
[4]
Here E the total energy = E0 + EK the rest plus kinetic
energies respectively. The inertial mass is E/C2 so that
the momentum of positive primaries is p = v E/C 2. Also
px and py are the momenta measured in the direction of v1
and perpendicular to that direction respectively and defined
as: px = Evx /C 2 and py = Evy /C 2 respectively. As explained
later C > c where c is the speed of light (and only the
latter c is a variable in this revised Newtonian mechanics.
The values of px for either phase are the original momenta
prior to collision and, for identical reasons given with
regard to Fig.1A, cannot be changed by the collision. But
py has been added by the scattering effect. Hence total
energy, of both primaries, has been forced to increase in
equal and opposite amounts! Since the transverse momenta
added have to be opposed it follows that, unlike scattering
collisions between like energies, both primaries deflect
in the same direction as shown at C.
The assumption that the extra momentum gains have to be
exactly transverse has now to be justified. A similar argument
can be applied to investigate the non-transverse case that
introduces extra momentum components in the x direction
for each primary. Now however, one adds and the other detracts
from the resultant momentum, so creating unbalanced energy
gains. Since this is disallowed by the revised energy conservation
law it follows that, for colliding pairs, scattering collisions
can only involve the addition of momenta in perpendicular
directions.
For the general case primaries will collide from all directions.
The same logic can, however, be applied after choosing a
moving frame of reference, specific to each colliding pair,
such that lines of motion now appear mutually opposed as
already depicted.
The first computer codes written to integrate impacts from
all possible directions assumed speeds very close to C with
C = c , since it was thought this would be the most appropriate.
This returned the large average energy gain of 16% of incident
energy. This is huge and represents exponential growth of
vast magnitude.
The breeding effect means that the initial zero state is
unstable and once triggered at some point, the i-ther is
committed to enormous eternal growth unless canceled in
some way. However, when some critical density is exceeded
another kind of instability becomes manifest. Breeding collisions
only apply to pairs and at high densities collisions tend
to become multiple, so giving rise to conditions favoring
mutual annihilation. The initial explosion switches off
naturally! In this way a solution to the problem of the
cosmological constant has now appeared from a flaw-free
logic. In particular flow patterns can form which are particularly
favorable for annihilation.
When large numbers of both kinds of primary approach a point
or line, in a flux uniformly distributed from all directions,
the net momentum of the imploding flow is zero: equal to
the value when no primaries exist. Hence flow patterns can
spontaneously form, as shown in Fig.2, in which pure creation
drives primaries toward centers of annihilation. Cylindrical
symmetry is favored over the alternative spherical kind
because the cusp-shaped voids between packed spheres are
about three times greater proportionately than for packed
cylinders.
These are not voids here: they are breeding zones creating
whisker-like projections that enable a flip to the most
stable configuration to occur. The result is the spontaneous
formation of a honeycomb flow pattern dividing the entirety
of space into a vast array of minute flow cells .Each of
these contains a permanent filament of annihilation at its
center. Each filament consists of both kinds of energy in
process of mutual annihilation. Filaments are not material
objects: they are primaries in the act of squeezing each
other out of existence as they flow toward the center. Primaries
generated in surrounding breeding zones arrive at the surfaces
of filaments as fast as they are destroyed so that the filaments
themselves are maintained.
The cells forming up into honeycomb-like arrays are shown
in cross-section in FIG.2. These are of incredibly fine
spacing, many thousands would lie side by side within the
compass of each tiny electron. They must not be confused
with elements of the "string theories" of mainstream
physics written in eleven curved space-time dimensions.
Our filaments are totally different, exist in only three
dimensions and spontaneously form up into a quasi-static
structure.
At larger scales bundles of the arrays of filament-containing
cells will criss-cross in all directions as shown in Fig.3.
It requires no mathematical formalism to see that, as a
consequence of such random geometry, each filament will
terminate at both ends in a tee-junction with some other
filament that crosses its path. Due to the sharing of imploding
flows near junctions a local thinning of filaments will
result. The junctions, therefore, are weak points that can
easily break. They can exist in bistable states: either
open or closed forming natural switches.
In the open state any asymmetry causes an energy imbalance
to build up, caused by rectification of random fluctuations
occurring in the surrounding region. When some shock causes
closure, an energy discharge will occur and the resulting
flow can provide the shock needed to cause a change in state
of other nearby junctions. So waves of switching action
will arise spontaneously. The energy discharges will affect
whole cells as well as just the filaments so that longitudinal
pressure waves will also traverse the gaseous phase of the
i-ther. It will be assumed these identify with real quantum
waves: the elusive core feature of quantum theory.
In effect each breeding cell is the equivalent of an inefficient
heat engine. Breeding is equivalent to a perfect heat source
except that no energy input is required, whilst the central
filaments act as perfect heat sinks from which no energy
is rejected. The i-ther provides a vast power-house existing
everywhere throughout space and able to maintain the universe
of matter. Contrary to prevalent opinion the universe need
never run down due to steady increase of its entropy. New
organized energy flow, the definition of power, is constantly
being supplied to counter entropy gains. Thus far the logic
is firm and mathematically justifiable.
Could a neural network evolve in the i-ther?
Furthermore, all the ingredients seem to be present for
generating a working neural network. It is known that experimental
neural nets exhibit memory and have learning capability.
It does not seem unreasonable, therefore, to suggest that
a further refinement, by a process similar to Darwinian
evolution, could generate a background state of intelligence
and consciousness.
This extension of the logic is admittedly more speculative
but, if confirmed by further study, it offers a very convincing
explanation for many phenomena at present regarded as anomalous.
These anomalies are so embarrassing to theorists that they
are currently ignored. They are aspects to be considered
later in this article.
An asymmetry is required so that the i-ther can generate
the power needed. The rest energy of positive primaries
needs to exceed that of its negative partners on average.
Then, so that total energy gains balance at each pair collision,
the kinetic energy of negative primaries needs to exceed
that of the positives. The net positive rest energy will
be shown to provide the basic fluid of the aether for building
matter. Since pressure is proportional to the linear kinetic
energy of molecules in a gas and the same applies to primaries,
the net pressure developed will be negative. This creates
the "negative pressure of the vacuum" demanded
by quantum theory.
In this way just one asymmetry provides solutions to several
difficulties. Furthermore the filamentous network provides
a rigid framework through which the fluid component can
flow with ease.
A natural solution has therefore emerged showing how the
aether can have two different reference frames for light
and matter. This, it will be remembered, was required to
provide a satisfactory alternative to relativity.
This theory was first published as the booklet Origin of
Mind (8) in 1992 followed by a presentation at a Russian
scientific conference and followed by publication in 1993
in the subsequent proceedings(9). A revised version appeared
in "Frontier Perspectives" Spring/Summer 1997,
pp70-78. This paper contains some further revision.
The network or grid, now defining the "i-ther"
is represented symbolically by a rectangular mesh in FIGs
3,5 and 6. It interconnects everything in the universe.
As yet, however, no universe of matter could exist. Spontaneous
creation of the i-ther had to occur first, followed by its
evolution to a state of consciousness. This is because,
on this model, matter would require deliberate design to
provide the fine tuning needed for biological chemistry.
In this way the absurdity of an infinite number of parallel
universes, as required by the Anthropic principle, is eliminated.
The only tools available for the creation of matter would
be the quantum waves, organized by the computing ability
of the network. Waves could be focused by such computer
control, so they implode to a central point after originating
from a minute spherical shell of the grid. Transient humps
or spikes of energy-density will appear at any focus just
as imploding waves produce spikes in a pond after a pebble
is dropped.
These humps will serve as the elementary sub-atomic particles,
which can be generated in a state of linear and spinning
motion. Then, grouped by the organizing power of wave interference
patterns (an example is shown in Fig.4) will be confined
to move in a limited range of paths. This illustration is
the well known two-slit experiment but clearly the coding
is really designed to create atoms. Then electrons will
be produced with focal points confined within orbitals,
centered on nuclei created the same way. The atoms have
been cleverly designed to form up into molecules or the
crystals shown in Fig.5. It should be noted that the atomic
nuclei are shown on a cubic lattice but it is tilted so
that it is not confused with the grid symbolism, also shown,
and which underlies everything.
The quantum waves do not stop at their focal points but
cross over and spread out again. They continue on forever
decaying inversely with distance. As they go.they stimulate
excess breeding by causing primaries to collide with extra
momentum. This produces the energy density gradients required
by the alternative to relativity and so a mechanism for
their formation has appeared. To produce the match required
the ultimate speed C for primaries had to be about 900 times
greater than the speed of light we observe. An exact value
cannot be given since the figure varies according to the
rest energy asymmetry E0N /E0 that has to be assumed.
Mind cannot be brain function alone
In Fig.6 brains of matter are illustrated connecting with
sense organs, represented by eyes, which observe crystals
of matter by capturing photons reflected from them. All
are built from matter. However, the brains on this model
are only inert instruments used to operate the muscles of
the body by interfacing with minds. Minds are isolated fragments
of the i-ther (intelligent ether) connecting with each brain.
Inferred to explain existing data, each brain is shown in
direct communication with its conscious mind but the latter
is separated by an information filter-barrier, programmed
into the i-ther, to separate it from a sub-conscious component
of the mind. Information can then flow from the conscious
to the sub-conscious but not vice-versa. Then only the sub-conscious
part can be in direct communication with all others via
the filamentous network of the i-ther. In this way the information
gathered can be stored and also used to enrich the whole.
However, the conscious minds of most people are confined
to communication via the intermediary of matter so that
they can act as individuals and manipulate only what they
are confined to experience. This allows them to develop
in meaningful ways by competition and co-operation. It is
no wonder that our scientists have been deceived for so
long into believing that matter is all that exists!
Such a speculation is supported by the evidence of psi which
has been accumulating for more than a century and which
is now gaining acceptance as scientific fact awaiting theoretical
explanation. The "Scole Report" of the Society
for Psychical Research by Keen(10) et al is proof of this
and well worthy of study. Amazing phenomena are reported:
all totally impossible from the viewpoint of established
physics but explicable from the new standpoint unveiled.
The speculation advanced here provides a hypothesis permitting
most so-called psychic phenomena, to be explained as potentially
real effects from an enhanced and extended base of theoretical
physics. Until a theory is established for explaining the
phenomena of psi it will continue to be regarded as a threat
to be discredited and ignored.
Telepathy can now be attributed to controlled leaks in the
information filter-barriers of two apparently separated
individuals. The same can be expected between minds of the
living and the deceased: so explaining mental mediumship.
Water divining will also require such a leak. Here the sensitive
is permitted direct access to the memory banks of the i-ther.
Indeed, almost the entire spectrum encompassing psi phenomena
can be explained as potentially real effects. These are
considered in detail in this author's publications(4),(8)
& (11). A number of astonishing experiences personally
encountered by the author in his own research of psi phenomena
are also described(4) & (8).
.
Interpreting forces, wave-particle duality and non-localty
The hydrogen atom was studied by Schrödinger since,
comprising only a single electron and proton, it is the
simplest possible case. His incredibly clever wave mechanics
showed, by a wave-interference-model, that the electron
had to be confined within a spherical so-called "orbital"
having no clearly defined edge. His equations do not represent
electrons in orbital motion but instead specify a random
distribution giving the probability of finding it at any
particular locality.
If an electron orbited the hydrogen nucleus, like a planet
going round the sun, then this atom would appear disc-like
rather than ball-shaped. So electrons cannot be orbiting.
Instead the quantum wave focus will be organized to jump
about at random though confined within the orbital to fill
the allowed space. At each reconstruction it will be in
motion.
Hence an electron will appear as a particle-sequence joined
end to end in time but not in position. If it hits another
"particle", like a photon during one of its brief
lives, then its energy-density hump will behave like a particle.
The wave functions of both interacting energy humps will
be immediately canceled, by the controlling i-theric mathematics,
to be replaced by new sets to organize both subsequent trajectories.
There is no need to invoke the collapse of wave functions
by any macroscopic sized observer as required by the “Copenhagen
interpretation”!
In all cases the focus position at each instant will be
chosen at random but will be confined to places where wave
interference is constructive. In this manner the mysteries
observed by quantum physicists can be interpreted differently
on a more rational basis.
The two-slit phenomenon, illustrated in Fig.4, also no longer
seems so impossible. When a narrow beam of light is selected
by a “collimating slit” so that it falls on
a second screen containing a pair of narrow slits placed
close together, then interference patterns were found to
appear on a screen located some distance behind the slits.
This is the clear signature of wave effects. Waves from
the slits arrive at different times due to differences in
distance. When the crests of both arrive together they re-enforce
one another to produce a bright fringe. When crests and
troughs arrive together they cancel to leave a dark fringe.
Hence alternating bright and dark fringes appear gradually
fading with distance from the center point.
When the light was turned down to very low intensity it
could only be detected by special apparatus. Then the light
arrived in a series of little clicks showing it had a particle
as well as a wave nature. With the intensity turned down
so low that only one particle could traverse the slits at
any instant the wave interference pattern was expected to
vanish to be replaced by a shadowgraph. This was because
it was inconceivable that a particle going through only
one slit could interfere with itself as if it went through
both. To the amazement and consternation of the entire scientific
community, however, after building up a pattern over a long
time, speckle by speckle, exactly the same interference
pattern appeared!
Attempts were made to explain this outrageously anomalous
result, the latest being the Everett interpretation. This
has it that a shadow particle must pass through the otherwise
empty slit to provide interference. It meant a whole new
universe had to appear every time any particle had a choice
of two paths! Consequently there had to be an infinite number
of universes all splitting and increasing forever.
Now, however, sub-atomic "particles" really do
travel all permitted paths simultaneously. They are repeatedly
being reconstructed at random at all possible locations,
appearing tojump from one to another as they progress toward
the screen. They are confined to the paths, such as those
shown in thick lines, where wave interference is constructive.
The need to postulate an almost infinite number of parallel
universes, just to explain wave-particle duality, no longer
exists! This dismisses the "many worlds" hypothesis
advanced by Everett and which is said to be gaining ground.
By contrast the new interpretation offers a plausible explanation
for this vexed question that arises naturally from the present
theory. It seems free from the paradoxes and other difficulties
that appear with previous interpretations.
Non-locality is another vexed question needing interpretation.
“Entangled” particles affect each other instantly
regardless of separating distance. I-ther theory offers
a way. Its filaments are the ultimate solids or liquids
having zero porosity and consequently almost infinite bulk
modulus. Their net densities, however, the difference between
positive and negative constituents, will be very small.
This combination predicts an almost infinite speed of longitudinal
wave propagation along filaments, dwarfing that of the fluid
phase normally observed. Hence entangled particles might
communicate, via filaments, almost instantly right across
the universe! Or rather the computing grid treats codes
for entangled particles as the same construct almost instantly.
Another question arises regarding the true nature of electric
charge and the electrodynamic force. If the positions of
sub atomic particles are organized by wave interference
patterns then no constraint by any real force is required.
We simply interpret the mechanics of charge as producing
real forces from our experiments but such interpretations
now seem less plausible. More probably these are abstract
quantities represented like numbers, being organized by
a background intelligence. Since the force of gravity has
been shown by other scientists, such as Dr. Harold Aspden,
to be a residual of the electrodynamic force, this too must
be abstract. Then again, with no real electric force of
repulsion to counter the strong and weak nuclear forces
can have a similar explanation. It seems we could be living
in world of semi-virtual reality. The only real forces occur
when particles collide.
The most important spin-off vindicates the early pioneers
The notion of consciousness as a sub-quantum phenomenon
contradicts the current reductionist view that mind is just
brain-function. However, the far-seeing physicist, Sir Oliver
Lodge FRS (12) proposed in 1933 that what we see as living
matter must in reality be quite inert. He stated that the
real life force must derive from a background medium he
called the "ether". He had studied the observations
made by a previous famous scientist, Sir William Crookes
FRS, who had been brought in by his contemporaries about
1870 to look into the reports of phenomena appearing as
impossibilities to scientists across all disciplines. Crookes
undertook the exhaustive and unbiased assessment expected
of him.
To the surprise and intense dismay of almost every other
scientist, however, Crookes(13) confirmed that the reports
were genuine. Unfortunately, this distress was felt so acutely
that few accepted the findings and to this day his work
is still discredited, even though confirmed by the independent
researches of at least five other reputable academics. These
were, Prof. Charles Richet(14), Prof. Baron von Schrenck-Notzing(15),
Dr. Gustav Geley(16), Dr.W.J. Crawford(17) and Dr. T. Glen
Hamilton(18).
All these scientists had investigated psychic phenomena
through physical mediumship, in particular the claims of
survival of consciousness following death of the body. All
had confirmed that the claims were genuine.
Conclusion
A revision of relativity theory has provided a quantum-compatible
mechanics, so solving a problem which has been troubling
cosmologists for about 70 years. The study also provided
an opposed energy dynamics that solved the problem of the
cosmological constant. By 1992 it had predicted a universe
which was gently expanding though at an ever increasing
rate. Astronomers discovered this acceleration in 1998.
It came as a surprise to cosmologists who now postulate
“dark energy” which produces unexplained repulsion
by way of explanation. This approach cannot succeed, especially
since they still search for a solution to the cosmological
constant.
Plausible explanations for both wave-particle duality and
non-locality also emerged from the mathematical logic which
predicted the existence of a background structure called
the i-ther having similarities to a neural network. It was
speculated that this could evolve a conscious intelligence,
in which case almost the entire spectrum of so-called paranormal
phenomena could be explained as potentially real effects.
Physics had now been expanded to include such phenomena,
previously regarded as anomalous.
The study has therefore yielded a theoretical basis that
supports careful experimental studies of survival. It supports
the main tenets of religious belief: that the universe was
deliberately created and that consciousness survives bodily
death. This does not, however, eliminate Darwinian evolution
of biological life forms.
Only the fundamentalists, the extremists of religious faiths,
pose any threat. It needs to be mentioned that the theory
outlined does not prove that the i-ther is absolutely all.
It cannot be claimed that an even deeper reality outside
space and time is impossible. This uncertainty, however,
has an advantage. Theologians can call this God if they
wish and scientists can say they do not believe it. Either
way the existence of the i-ther is not affected and so the
two disciplines can agree to disagree on this single point.
Apart from this, mutual support between these disciplines,
can arise to displace the antagonism that has existed for
so long.
Clearly theorists are still grappling with problems when
solutions have been available for many years. The plea is
made for physicists to re-establish the collaboration between
disciplines to avoid the stifling of progress.
Furthermore the hope is expressed that the scientific community,
supported by some psychologists and parapsychologists, will
now cease their attempts to explain away the paranormal.
They need to stop putting all the data down to fraud and
delusion. They also need to cease their attempts to discredit
the pioneers. These tactics are no longer required when
physics has been extended to encompass such phenomena and
can explain them as natural and normal. They no longer appear
as threats!
REFERENCES
1 Brillet, A. & Hall, J.L.: Improved Laser Test of the
Isotropy of Space
Physical Review Letters, Vol.42, No.9, 26 February 1979
2 Aspden, Harold: Laser Interferometry Experiments on Light
Speed Anisotropy: Physics Letters 85A,NO.8,9:19 October
1981
3 Novikov, I.D.: Evolution of the Universe: Cambridge University
Press,1993
4 Pearson, Ronald D,: Intelligence Behind the Universe!:
[Dec.1990]
370 pages (520 grams) A popularisation plus Technical Appendix
Available from:
Michael Roll: 28 Westerleigh Rd., Downend, Bristol. BS16
6AH: Tel:0177 9561960
Website: www.cfpf.org.uk E-mail: mike@mroll.freeserve.co.uk
5 Pearson, Ronald D.: Alternative to Relativity including
Quantum Gravitation: Second International Conference on
Problems in Space and Time: St. Petersburg, Petrovskaja
Academy of Sciences & Arts [Sept.1991]: pp 278-292
Chairman Local Organising Committee:Dr. Michael Varin: Pulkovskoye
Road 65-9-1
St. Petersburg 196140, Russia. FAX: (7) (812) 291-81-35
Phone:Alexandre Alekseev: office:(7) (812) 291-36-73, Home:(7)
(812) 173-55-69 E-Mail: consym@saman.spb.su
6. Tolchel'nikova-Murri, S.A.: The Doppler Observations
of Venus Contradict Special Relativity: pp181-191 (She means
"general relativity" and "radar ranging")
same conference as 5
7 Dirac, Paul: Principles of Quantum Mechanics: 4th Edition
1962
Clarendon Press, Oxford.
8 Pearson, Ronald D.: Quantum Gravitation and the Structured
Ether
Sir Isaac Newton Conference. St. Petersburg [March 1993]
pp 39-55 (Address as Ref.15)
9 Pearson, Ronald D.: Origin of Mind [Dec.1992]: -A popularisation
plus Technical Appendix
72 pages: (110 grams) direct Michael Roll (see ref.4).
10 Keen, Montague: Ellison, Arthur: Fontana, David (of the
Society for Psychical Research UK): The Scole Report:
Proc.Soc. of Psychical Research Vol.58, Part 220 (1999)
11 Pearson,R. D.: The Academy of Survival Physics: direct
from Michael Roll (see Ref.4)
12 Lodge, Sir Oliver FRS: Ether and Reality:
Hodder and Stroughton (1925)
13 Crookes, Sir William FRS: Experimental investigation
of a new force
Quarterly Journal of Science, July 1, 1871
14 Richet, Professor Charles: Thirty Years of Psychical
Research
W. Collins Sons & Co.Ltd. 48 Pall Mall. London. (1923)
15 Schrenck-Notzing, Professor Baron von : Phenomena of
Materialisation
Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co.Ltd. (1920) p.340
16 Geley, Dr. Gustave: Clairvoyance and Materialisation
ISBN 0-405-07020-9 : Amo Press. (1975) 401 pages
17 Grawford, Dr. W.J.: The Reality of Psychic Phenomena
E.P. Dutton & co. (1918)
18 Hamilton, Dr.T.Glen: Intention and Survival
Regency Press Ltd. 43 New Oxford St. London WC1A 1BH (1942)
CAPTION FOR FIG.1
Fig.1 Collisions of Primaries
At A in a head on collision of a pair of primaries the momenta
P+ and P- add so that neither can lose energy. At B a glancing
impact adds transverse momenta, PT+ and PT-, shown at C,
so causing extra energy of their own kind to be gained by
each. Both move sideways in the same direction as shown
at D.
CAPTIONS FOR FIG.s 2 TO 6
Fig.2 to 6 From i-theric grid to mind and brain
In FIG.s 2 & 3 the grid structure of the i-ther is shown
and the quantum waves spontaneously generated form interference
patterns, an example being shown in FIG.4. These specify
where imploding waves are to be focused to create sub atomic
particles and these form atoms of crystals etc. as shown
in FIG.5 (with nuclei on a square grid: inclined so as not
to line up with grid symbolism)
A number of minds separated by information filters of the
grid structure observe matter via sense organs and the brain
as shown in Fig.6.
CAPTION FOR FIG.1
Fig.1 Collisions of Primaries
At A in a head on collision of a pair of primaries the momenta
P+ and P- add so that neither can lose energy. At B a glancing
impact adds transverse momenta, PT+ and PT-, shown at C,
so causing extra energy of their own kind to be gained by
each. Both move sideways in the same direction as shown
at D.
Fig.2 to 6 From i-theric grid to mind and brain
In FIG.s 2 & 3 the grid structure of the i-ther is shown
and the quantum waves spontaneously generated form interference
patterns, an example being shown in FIG.4. These specify
where imploding waves are to be focused to create sub atomic
particles and these form atoms of crystals etc. as shown
in FIG.5 (with nuclei on a square grid: inclined so as not
to line up with grid symbolism)
A number of minds separated by information filters of the
grid structure observe matter via sense organs and the brain
as shown in Fig.6.
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